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Image Credit: Todd Surovell via AP
New study questions the age of the Monte Verde site in Chile
A new study is challenging the long-accepted age of Monte Verde, one of the most important archaeological sites for understanding the earliest human presence in the Americas.
For decades, Monte Verde in southern Chile has been considered key evidence that humans were present in the Americas around 14,500 years ago. Excavations at the site uncovered footprints, wooden tools, structural remains, and evidence of fire use, all of which were dated to this early period.
However, recent research based on geological analysis of sediments near the site suggests that the archaeological layers may be significantly younger. By examining deposits along the nearby Chinchihuapi Creek, researchers identified a layer of volcanic ash dating to approximately 11,000 years ago. According to the study, any materials found above this ash layer—including the artifacts associated with Monte Verde—must be more recent.
Based on this interpretation, the researchers propose that the site may not be older than about 8,200 years, substantially later than previously believed. They suggest that natural processes, such as water flow and landscape changes, may have mixed older materials into younger layers, leading to earlier dating in previous studies.
The new findings have sparked significant debate within the archaeological community. Several researchers, including those involved in earlier excavations at Monte Verde, have questioned the conclusions, arguing that the reinterpretation does not adequately account for artifacts that have been directly dated to around 14,500 years ago.
Critics also note that the study relies in part on samples from surrounding areas where geological conditions may differ from the core archaeological site. They further argue that there is insufficient evidence to demonstrate that the volcanic ash layer once covered the entire area.
The authors of the new study maintain that their sampling strategy included areas both within and around the site, and they question the reliability of earlier dating results.
Monte Verde has played a central role in reshaping theories about the peopling of the Americas. Its early date helped challenge the long-standing Clovis-first model, which placed the earliest human arrival at around 13,000 years ago. A revised chronology for Monte Verde could reopen questions about when and how the first populations reached the continent.
While the debate continues, the study highlights the evolving nature of archaeological interpretation and the importance of ongoing research in refining our understanding of early human history.
Published on: 20-03-2026
Edited by: Abdulmnam Samakie
Source: Associated Press