Image Credit: Caral Archaeological Zone

How the Oldest American Civilization Survived a Climate Catastrophe

Archaeologists in Peru have discovered how the ancient civilization of Caral, the oldest known in the Americas, adapted to a devastating drought more than 4,000 years ago—without violence or collapse.
Led by Dr. Ruth Shady, the research reveals that around 2200 B.C., prolonged drought forced the people of Caral to abandon their sacred city in the Supe Valley. Rather than disintegrating, they resettled nearby sites such as Vichama and Peñico, bringing with them their distinctive architecture—sunken plazas, stepped pyramids, and symbolic reliefs—and continued their traditions.
At Vichama, archaeologists uncovered striking 3D friezes depicting emaciated figures, pregnant women, dancers, and fish, representing both suffering and renewal. Another relief shows a toad struck by lightning, symbolizing the long-awaited return of rain after famine. These murals served as messages to future generations about the dangers of environmental imbalance.
In Peñico, researchers found structures mirroring Caral’s design, yet peaceful in nature—no signs of warfare or social unrest. Artefacts reveal gender equality, trade links across the Andes and Amazon, and a spiritual reverence for nature.
Dr. Shady says the findings demonstrate how this early civilization responded to crisis through adaptation, cooperation, and ecological respect, offering lessons for today’s climate challenges.

Published on: 05-11-2025

Source: The Guardian