The geographical basin of the Niger River in Niger consists of vast desert areas, flood plains, and swampy areas characterized by the presence of many valleys. The islands of the Niger River constitute a mixed natural scene rich in diverse landscapes as well as a distinguished cultural heritage.
Each of the river and its tributary contains a large number of animal species such as crocodiles, hippos, manatees, antelopes and carnivores, and at the same time it provides a vivid example of the social and cultural manifestations of the different peoples living in the region (Hausa, Fulani, Zarma and Tuareg), where the traces of settlement are traced Prehistory Some of the historical sites date back to the early centuries of the Christian era.

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Niger River Basin was submitted in 2006 to the UNESCO Tentative List in Niger as part of The Niger River, the Islands and the Valley.