The northern and central regions of Niger provide an ideal opportunity to trace the evolutionary dynamics of continental vertebrates throughout the Cretaceous period, as many plant, animal, and especially vertebrate fossil deposits have been discovered in different geological strata. The main sediment sites are concentrated in several areas, the most important of which are the Elrhaz Formation (Gadoufaoua), whose layers date back to the early Cretaceous period, about 125 to 112 million years ago.
Excavations in the area have yielded a group of fossils of herbivorous and carnivorous dinosaurs, along with multiple species of crocodyliformes.

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Dinosaur Deposits in Niger was submitted in 2006 to the UNESCO Tentative List in Niger.