Tell Rifaat, known as Arpad, is a small city in northern Syria. The site has been inhabited since the Iron Age. It became the capital of the north Syrian Aramaean state of Bet-Gus in the 9th century BC. Arpad later became a major vassal city of the Kingdom of Urartu. A settlement existed on the site of during the Seleucid period in the 3rd century BC.