The Gourma Biodiversity Reserve, or Gourma Elephant Biodiversity Reserve, is a nature reserve for elephants located in eastern Mali between the Niger River and the Burkina Faso border. Gourma Reserve covers a vast area dominated by large rock formations, sand dunes, plains, ponds and lakes.
The reserve is located in semi-arid and dry areas, and the people there have adapted to these difficult living conditions characterized by severe droughts and weather fluctuations, as most of the population consists of nomads and semi-nomadic pastoralists.

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Gourma Biodiversity Reserve was submitted in 2017 to the UNESCO Tentative List in Mali.